＜Nature＞
1. Small differences in sameness
Alex N. Halliday
Nature 497, 43–45 (02 May 2013) doi:10.1038/497043a
Fresh evidence shows that the iron isotopic
composition of Earth's silicate component does not, as was previously thought,
reflect the formation of the planet's core at high pressure nor losses of
material to space.
2. Long-term sedimentary recycling of rare sulphur
isotope anomalies
NatureVolume:497Pages:100–103Date
published:(02 May
2013)DOI:doi:10.1038/nature12021
The accumulation of substantial quantities of
O2 in the atmosphere has come to control the chemistry and ecological structure
of Earth’s surface.
＜Science＞
3. Tracking Marine Pollution
Jhon E.Elliott, Kyle H. Elliott
Science 3 May 2013: Vol.
340 no. 6132 pp. 556-558
DOI: 10.1126/science.1235197
DOI: 10.1126/science.1235197
That debris (like a plastic waste
floating in the water)is both a source and an overt signal of the even more
pervasive contamination of marine biota by persistent chemicals.
＜PNAS＞
＜PNAS＞
4.Genome-wide diel growth state transitions in the
diatomThalassiosira pseudonana
Justin Ashworth, Sacha Coesel, Allison Lee,
E.Virginia Armbrust, Monica V. Orellana , and Nitin S. Baliga
PNAS April 30, 2013 vol.
110 no. 187518-7523
doi:10.1073/pnas.1300962110
Several putative light sensing and
signaling proteins were associated with recurrent diel transitions, suggesting
that these genes may be involved in light-sensitive and circadian regulation of
cell state.
5. Europe’s other debt crisis caused by the long
legacy of future extinctions
Stefan Dullinger, Franz Essl, Wolfgang
Rabitsch, Kari-Heinz Erb, Simone Gingrich, Helmut Haberi, Kari Hulber, Vojtech
Jarosik, Fridolin Krausmann, Ingolf Kuhn, Jan Pergl, Petr Pysek, and Philip E.
Hulme
PNAS 2013 110 (18) 7342-7347; published
ahead of print April 15, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1216303110
It could be seriously underestimated if
population declines of plants and animals lag behind contemporary environmental
degradation. Here, we test for such a delay in impact by relating numbers of
threatened species appearing on national red lists to historical and
contemporary levels of socioeconomic pressures.
6. Ocean acidification alters the otoliths of a
pantropical fish species with implications for sensory function
Sean Bignami, lanC. Enochs, Derek P.
Manzello, Su Sponaugle, and Robert K. Cowen
PNAS April 30, 2013 vol.
110 no. 187366-7370
doi:10.1073/pnas.1301365110
We show that 2,100 μatm partial pressure of
carbon dioxide (pCO2) significantly increased not only otolith size (up to 49%
greater volume and 58% greater relative mass) but also otolith density (6%
higher).
＜Nature Communications＞
Nothing relevant (特になし)
＜Nature Geoscience＞
7. Future land-carbon loss
J. Clim.
Nature Geoscience 6, 330 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1819 Published online 29 April 2013
Climate model simulations suggest that
future changes in land use could further alter regional climate over the coming
century.
8. Arctic snowpack bromine release
Jon Abbatt
Nature Geoscience 6, 331–332 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1805 Published online 14 April 2013
Snow
and ice influence the climate and chemistry of the polar atmosphere. Field
experiments in Alaska point to the significance of surface snow for polar ozone
depletion events.
9. Antarctic response
Tas van Ommen
Nature Geoscience 6, 334–335 (2013) doi:10.1038/ngeo1812
Published online 29 April 2013
Antarctic climate has undergone substantial
shifts in past decades, but whether these changes are unusual in the long term
is unclear. Ice-core records suggest that some aspects of this variability are unique
to the past two millennia.
10. Future rise in rain inequality
Michela Biasutti
Nature Geoscience 6, 337–338 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1814 Published online 29 April 2013
Rainfall disparities are expected to
intensify in response to anthropogenic climate change. Model simulations
suggest that wet regions and seasons will get wetter, and that a warmer equator
will get wetter too.
11. Continental-scale temperature variability during
the past two millennia
Nature Geoscience 6, 339–346 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1797 Received 09 December 2012 Accepted 11 March
2013 Published online 21 April 2013
Temperature change over the past 2,000
years has shown pronounced regional variability. An assessment of all available
continental temperature reconstructions shows a clear twentieth century warming
trend, but no evidence of a coherent Little Ice Age or Medieval Warm Period.
12. Patterns of the seasonal response of tropical
rainfall to global warming
Ping Huang, Shang-Ping Xie, Kaiming Hu,
Gang Huang & Ronghui Huang
Nature Geoscience 6, 357–361 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1792 Received 30 October 2012 Accepted 06 March
2013 Published online 14 April 2013
The response of tropical precipitation to
global warming varies spatially and the factors controlling the spatial patterns
of precipitation changes are unclear. An analysis of climate model simulations
shows that warm regions are projected to become wetter in annual mean, whereas
seasonally high rainfall anomalies are expected in regions that are currently
wet.
13. Caribbean coral growth influenced by anthropogenic
aerosol emissions
Lester Kwiatkowski, Peter M. Cox, Theo
Economou, Paul R. Halloran, Peter J. Mumby, Ben B. B. Booth, Jessica Carilli
& Hector M. Guzman
Nature Geoscience 6, 362–366 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1780 Received 27 July 2012 Accepted 25 February
2013 Published online 07 April 2013
Multi-decadal variability in coral growth
rates has been documented throughout the Caribbean over the past 150–200 years.
Analyses of observational and model data suggest that anthropogenic aerosols
were a key driver of variations in coral growth in the western Caribbean in the
second half of the twentieth century.
14. Influence of persistent wind scour on the surface
mass balance of Antarctica
Indrani Das, Robin E. Bell, Ted A. Scambos,
Michael Wolovick, Timothy T. Creyts, Michael Studinger, Nicholas Frearson,
Julien P. Nicolas, Jan T. M. Lenaerts & Michiel R. van den Broeke
Nature Geoscience 6, 367–371 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1766 Received 16 August 2012 Accepted 08 February
2013 Published online 31 March 2013
In the Antarctic interior, assessments of
surface mass balance may overestimate accumulation because high winds remove
some of the annual snowfall. Geophysical observations reveal localized zones of
persistent wind scour (where little or no snow accumulates) that are predicted
to occur across approximately 5% of the Antarctic surface.
15. Recent climate and ice-sheet changes in West
Antarctica compared with the past 2,000 years
Eric J. Steig, Qinghua Ding, James W. C.
White, Marcel Küttel, Summer B. Rupper, Thomas A. Neumann, Peter D. Neff, Ailie
J. E. Gallant, Paul A. Mayewski, Kendrick C. Taylor, Georg Hoffmann, Daniel A.
Dixon, Spruce W. Schoenemann, Bradley R. Markle, Tyler J. Fudge, David P.
Schneider, Andrew J. Schauer, Rebecca P. Teel, Bruce H. Vaughn, Landon
Burgener, Jessica Williams & Elena Korotkikh
Nature Geoscience 6, 372–375 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1778 Received 11 July 2012 Accepted 26 February
2013 Published online 14 April 2013
Whether changes in atmospheric circulation
over West Antarctica during the past few decades are part of a longer-term
trend is unclear. Ice cores reveal a significant increase in the oxygen
isotopes from precipitation over the past 50 years, but the anomaly cannot be
distinguished from natural climate variability.
16. Important role for ocean warming and increased
ice-shelf melt in Antarctic sea-ice expansion
R. Bintanja, G. J. van Oldenborgh, S. S.
Drijfhout, B. Wouters & C. A. Katsman
Nature Geoscience 6, 376–379 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1767 Received 05 July 2012 Accepted 11 February
2013 Published online 31 March 2013
In sharp contrast to events in the Arctic
region, sea ice surrounding Antarctica has expanded slightly in the past few
years. A combination of observations and climate model simulations suggests
that cooling of the surface ocean by meltwater from the Antarctic ice shelves
has contributed significantly to this sea ice expansion.
17. Relative sea-level rise around East Antarctica
during Oligocene glaciation
Paolo Stocchi, Carlota Escutia, Alexander
J. P. Houben, Bert L. A. Vermeersen, Peter K. Bijl, Henk Brinkhuis, Robert M.
DeConto, Simone Galeotti, Sandra Passchier, David Pollard, Henk Brinkhuis,
Carlota Escutia, Adam Klaus, Annick Fehr, Trevor Williams, James A. P. Bendle,
Peter K. Bijl, Steven M. Bohaty, Stephanie A. Carr, Robert B. Dunbar, Jose Abel
Flores, Jhon J. Gonzàlez, Travis G. Hayden, Masao Iwai, Francisco J.
Jimenez-Espejo, Kota Katsuki, Gee Soo Kong, Robert M. McKay, Mutsumi Nakai,
Matthew P. Olney, Sandra Passchier, Stephen F. Pekar, Jörg Pross, Christina
Riesselman, Ursula Röhl, Toyosaburo Sakai, Prakash Kumar Shrivastava, Catherine
E. Stickley, Saiko Sugisaki, Lisa Tauxe, Shouting Tuo, Tina van de Flierdt,
Kevin Welsh & Masako Yamane
Nature Geoscience 6, 380–384 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1783 Received 06 August 2012 Accepted 28 February
2013 Published online 21 April 2013
The growth of ice on Antarctica about 34
million years ago affected sea level. A combination of modelling and marine
sediment analyses shows that sea level near the developing ice sheet first fell
and then rose as a result of crustal deformation imposed by the ice growth.
18. Acceleration of snow melt in an Antarctic
Peninsula ice core during the twentieth century
Nerilie J. Abram, Robert Mulvaney, Eric W.
Wolff, Jack Triest, Sepp Kipfstuhl, Luke D. Trusel, Françoise Vimeux, Louise
Fleet & Carol Arrowsmith
Nature Geoscience 6,404–411 (2013)
doi:10.1038/ngeo1787 Received 27 November 2012 Accepted 04 March
2013 Published online 14 April 2013
The Antarctic Peninsula is one of the most
rapidly warming regions on Earth. A reconstruction of ice melt from an ice core
taken near the northeastern tip of the peninsula over the past 2,000 years
shows that surface melt has accelerated during the twentieth century.
