◉Nature
1.More
rain in ozone's absence
Nature 498, 9 (06
June 2013) doi:10.1038/498009c
2.Plant a tree,
but tend it well
Julia Pongratz
They quantify the effect of
nitrogen limitation on land-use emissions by using a biosphere model. When
forests recover from anthoropogenic disturbance, they absorb anthropogenic
carbon dioxide. Simulations suggest that nutrient limitation reduces this effect.
3.Ice-sheet
mass balance and climate change
Edward
Hanna, Francisco J. Navarro, Frank Pattyn, Catia M. Domingues, Xavier Fettweis,
Erik R. Ivins, Robert J. Nicholls, Catherine Ritz, Ben Smith, Slawek Tulaczyk,
Pippa L. Whitehouse & H. Jay Zwally
Nature 498, 51–59
(06 June 2013) doi:10.1038/nature12238
4.Argon
isotopic composition of Archaean atmosphere probes early Earth geodynamics
Magali
Pujol, Bernard Marty, Ray Burgess, Grenville Turner & Pascal Philippot
Nature 498, 87–90
(06 June 2013) doi:10.1038/nature12152
Archean atmospheric 40Ar/36Ar
value is 143±24, lower than the
present value of 298.6. This ratio is consistent with an early development of
the crust, which might have had an important role in climate variability during
the first half of Earth’s history.
◉Science
5.Widespread Production of
Extracellular Superoxide by Heterotrophic Bacteria
Julia
M. Diaz, Colleen M. Hansel, Bettina M. Voelker, Chantal M. Mendes, Peter F.
Andeer, and Tong Zhang
Science
7 June 2013: 1223-1226.[DOI:10.1126/science.1237331]
Superoxide
(02-) was thought to form only through photochemical reactions in
the ocean surface. However, heterotrophic(従属栄養性) bacteria produce
superoxide and potentially represent a substantial source of superoxide in the
sea.
◉PNAS
6.Evidence for deposition of
10 million tonnes of impact spherules across four continents 12,800 y ago
James H. Wittke, James C.
Weaver, Ted E. Bunch, James P. Kennett, Douglas J. Kennett, Andrew M. T. Moore,
Gordon C. Hillman, Kenneth B. Tankersley, Albert C. Goodyear, Christopher R.
Moore, I. Randolph Daniel, Jr., Jack H. Ray, Neal H. Lopinot, David Ferraro,
Isabel Israde-Alcántara, James L. Bischoff, Paul S. DeCarli, Robert E. Hermes,
Johan B. Kloosterman, Zsolt Revay, George A. Howard, David R. Kimbel, Gunther
Kletetschka, Ladislav Nabelek, Carl P. Lipo, Sachiko Sakai, Allen West, and
Richard B. Firestone
PNAS 2013 110 (23)
E2088-E2097; published ahead of print May 20, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1301760110
A
fragmented comet fell to Earth at Younger Dryas onset (12.8±0.15 ka). An estimated 10 million tonnes of spherules were distributed
across ∼50 million square
kilometers.
7.Orbital pacing and ocean
circulation-induced collapses of the Mesoamerican monsoon over the past 22,000
y
Matthew S. Lachniet, Yemane
Asmerom, Juan Pablo Bernal, Victor J. Polyak, and Lorenzo Vazquez-Selem
PNAS 2013 110 (23) 9255-9260;
published ahead of print May 20, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1222804110
Mesoamerican
monsoon strength is controlled by the local summer insolation and the AMOC
controlled position of the ITCZ. In YD and LGM, Mesoamerican monsoon was
strong.
The
emergence of agriculture in southwestern Mexico was first possible in the early
Holocene (11ka).
8.Space can substitute for
time in predicting climate-change effects on biodiversity
Jessica L. Blois, John W.
Williams, Matthew C. Fitzpatrick, Stephen T. Jackson, and Simon Ferrier
PNAS 2013 110 (23)
9374-9379; published ahead of print May 20, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1220228110
9.Surviving rapid climate
change in the deep sea during the Paleogene hyperthermals
Laura C. Foster, Daniela N.
Schmidt, Ellen Thomas, Sandra Arndt, and Andy Ridgwell
PNAS 2013 110 (23) 9273-9276;
published ahead of print May 20, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1300579110
Calcification
of the folaminifera increased during the PETM (Paleocene Eocene Thermal
Maximum, 55.5Ma). But there was no significant change in ETM2 (Eocene Thermal
Maximum 2, 53.2Ma). There is a response threshold for extinction and
calcification response.
◉Nature Communications
10.Human
deforestation outweighs future climate change impacts of sedimentation on coral
reefs
Joseph
Maina, Hans de Moel, Jens Zinke, Joshua Madin, Tim McClanahan & Jan E.
Vermaat
Nature Communications 4, Article
number: 1986 doi:10.1038/ncomms2986
Received 24 February 2013
Accepted 03 May 2013 Published 04 June 2013
An
increase in air temperature and a decline in precipitation will lead to a
general decline in river flow and sediment supply to coral reef in Madagascar. Not
only climate change but also forest conversion remains the principal
contributor to increased sedimentation of the marine environments.
