◉Nature
1.Economic link to global
warming
Nature 503, 168 (14 November 2013) doi:10.1038/503168b
From a statistical analysis, the authors found that
economic slowdowns during the two world wars and in the Great Depression
temporarily slowed the planet's warming.
2.Injected gas makes Earth
rumble
Nature 503, 169 (14 November 2013) doi:10.1038/503169c
Earthquakes that shook an old Texas oil field over the
past few years could be due to injections of carbon dioxide gas.
3.Antarctic: Riding shutdowns
in developing world
P. J. Nico de Bruyn
Nature 503, 198 (14 November 2013) doi:10.1038/503198e
4.The trajectory, structure
and origin of the Chelyabinsk asteroidal impactor
Jiří Borovička, Pavel Spurný, Peter Brown, Paul Wiegert,
Pavel Kalenda, David Clark & Lukáš Shrbený
Nature 503, 235–237 (14 November 2013) doi:10.1038/nature12671
5.A 500-kiloton airburst over
Chelyabinsk and an enhanced hazard from small impactors
P. G. Brown, J. D. Assink, L.
Astiz, R. Blaauw, M. B. Boslough, J. Borovička, N.
Brachet, D. Brown, M. Campbell-Brown, L. Ceranna, W. Cooke, C. de Groot-Hedlin,
D. P. Drob, W. Edwards, L. G. Evers, M. Garces, J. Gill, M. Hedlin, A. Kingery,
G. Laske, A. Le Pichon, P. Mialle, D. E. Moser, A. Saffer, E. Silber, P. Smets,
R. E. Spalding, P. Spurný, E. Tagliaferri, D. Uren, R. J. Weryk, R. Whitaker
& Z. Krzeminski
Nature 503, 238–241 (14 November 2013) doi:10.1038/nature12741
6.Evidence for high salinity
of Early Cretaceous sea water from the Chesapeake Bay crater
Ward E. Sanford, Michael W.
Doughten, Tyler B. Coplen, Andrew G. Hunt & Thomas D. Bullen
Nature 503, 252–256 (14 November 2013) doi:10.1038/nature12714
They present chemical, isotopic and physical evidence (pH,
alkalinity, δ18O, δ2H, δ11B, 87Sr/86Sr….) that together indicate
that groundwater in the Chesapeake crater is remnant Early Cretaceous North
Atlantic (ECNA) sea water. They find that the sea water is probably 100–145
million years old and that it has an average salinity of about 70 per mil,
which is twice that of modern sea water and consistent with the nearly closed
ECNA basin
◉Science
7.Out of the African Humid Period
Edouard Bard
Science 15 November 2013:
808-809.
8.High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest
Cover Change
M. C. Hansen, P. V. Potapov, R. Moore, M. Hancher, S.
A. Turubanova, A. Tyukavina, D. Thau, S. V. Stehman, S. J. Goetz, T. R.
Loveland, A. Kommareddy, A. Egorov, L. Chini, C. O. Justice, and J. R. G.
Townshend
Science 15 November 2013: 850-853.
Earth observation satellite data were used to map
global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square
kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of 30 meters.
9.Abrupt Shifts in Horn of Africa Hydroclimate Since
the Last Glacial Maximum
Jessica E. Tierney and Peter B. deMenocal
Science 15 November 2013: 843-846.
Published online 10 October 2013 [DOI:10.1126/science.1240411]
We provide proxy evidence (dDwax of leaf waxes) from
the Horn of Africa region that documents abrupt transitions into and out of the
African Humid Period in northeast Africa. Similar and generally synchronous
abrupt transitions at other East African sites suggest that rapid shifts in
hydroclimate are a regionally coherent feature. Their analysis suggests that
the termination of the African Humid Period in the Horn of Africa occurred
within centuries, underscoring the nonlinearity of the region’s hydroclimate.
◉PNAS
10.Electronic structure of carbon dioxide under
pressure and insights into the molecular-to-nonmolecular transition
Sean R. Shieh, Ignace Jarrige, Min Wu, Nozomu Hiraoka,
John S. Tse, Zhongying Mi, Linada Kaci, Jian-Zhong Jiang, and Yong Q. Cai
PNAS 2013 110 (46) 18402-18406; published ahead of
print October 28, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1305116110
11.Sulfur isotopes track the global extent and dynamics
of euxinia during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Jeremy D. Owens, Benjamin C. Gill, Hugh C. Jenkyns,
Steven M. Bates, Silke Severmann, Marcel M. M. Kuypers, Richard G. Woodfine,
and Timothy W. Lyons
PNAS 2013 110 (46) 18407-18412; published ahead of
print October 29, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1305304110
They present coupled high-resolution carbon- and
sulfur- isotope data from four European OAE 2 sections spanning the
Cenomanian–Turonian boundary that show roughly parallel positive excursions.
Significantly, however, the interval of peak magnitude for carbon isotopes
precedes that of sulfur isotopes with an estimated offset of a few hundred
thousand years
12.Sulfur isotope homogeneity of oceanic DMSP and DMS
Alon Amrani, Ward Said-Ahmad, Yeala Shaked, and Ronald
P. Kiene
PNAS 2013 110 (46) 18413-18418; published ahead of
print October 28, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1312956110
To constrain the contribution of oceanic dimethyl
surlfide(DMS) to aerosols, they established the sulfur isotope ratios (34S/32S
ratio, δ34S) of DMS and its precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), in a
range of marine environments. The δ34S values of surface seawater DMS and DMSP
found in this study(ranged between ＋18.9 and ＋20.3‰) improve previous estimations of DMS (that
ranged between ＋12.5 and ＋22‰). This will
decrease uncertainties in calculations of the sources of sulfate to the atmosphere.
