新着論文紹介(2013.2.18) Nature, Science, PNAS
◉Nature
1.Glacier reaches record speed
Nature 506, 135 (13 February 2014)
doi:10.1038/506135c
Greenland’s
fastest-moving glacier has gained the highest flow speed ever observed in any
sea-bound glacier in Greenland or Antarctica.
2.Pacific winds slow warming
Nature 506, 135 (13 February 2014) doi:10.1038/506135d
An unprecedented strengthening of the Pacific trade winds over the past
two decades has altered ocean circulation and could help to explain the current
plateau in global temperatures.
3.Carbon sequestration:
Managing forests in uncertain times
Valentin Bellassen & Sebastiaan Luyssaert
12 February 2014
4.Environmental sciences: The
long goodbye
Bob Bloomfield
Nature 506, 156–157 (13 February 2014) doi:10.1038/506156a
5.Ocean science: Eddy effects
on biogeochemistry
Amala Mahadevan
Nature 506, 168–169 (13 February 2014) doi:10.1038/nature13048
Ocean eddies tens of kilometres in radius can
delineate local ecosystems and contribute to biogeochemical budgets. The
characterization of three such eddies in a coastal upwelling region provides
insight into these wonders of nature.
6.A two-fold increase of
carbon cycle sensitivity to tropical temperature variations
Xuhui Wang, Shilong Piao, Philippe Ciais,
Pierre Friedlingstein, Ranga B. Myneni, Peter Cox, Martin Heimann, John Miller,
Shushi Peng, Tao Wang, Hui Yang & Anping Chen
Nature 506, 212–215 (13 February 2014) doi:10.1038/nature12915
The year-to-year variations in the atmospheric carbon dioxide growth
rate (CGR) are thought to be the result of fluctuations in the carbon fluxes of
tropical land areas. Recently, the response of CGR to tropical climate
interannual variability was used to put a constraint on the sensitivity of
tropical land carbon to climate change. Here we use the long-term CGR record
from Mauna Loa and the South Pole to show that the sensitivity of CGR to
tropical temperature interannual variability has increased by a factor of 1.9 ± 0.3 in the past five decades. We find that
this sensitivity was greater when tropical land regions experienced drier
conditions. This suggests that the sensitivity of CGR to interannual temperature
variations is regulated by moisture conditions. We also find that present
terrestrial carbon cycle models do not capture the observed enhancement in CGR
sensitivity in the past five decades.
7.Amazon forests maintain
consistent canopy structure and greenness during the dry season
Douglas C. Morton, Jyoteshwar Nagol, Claudia
C. Carabajal, Jacqueline Rosette, Michael Palace, Bruce D. Cook, Eric F.
Vermote, David J. Harding & Peter R. J. North
Nature 506, 221–224 (13 February 2014) doi:10.1038/nature13006
◉Science
8.Global Warming
and Winter Weather
John M. Wallace,
Isaac M. Held, David W. J. Thompson, Kevin E. Trenberth, and John E. Walsh
Science 14 February
2014: 729-730.
9.Methane Leaks
from North American Natural Gas Systems
A. R. Brandt, G. A.
Heath, E. A. Kort, F. O'Sullivan, G. Pétron, S. M. Jordaan, P. Tans, J. Wilcox,
A. M. Gopstein, D. Arent, S. Wofsy, N. J. Brown, R. Bradley, G. D. Stucky, D.
Eardley, and R. Harriss
Science 14 February
2014: 733-735.
Methane emissions
from U.S. and Canadian natural gas systems appear larger than official
estimates.
10.A Drier
Future?
Steven Sherwood and
Qiang Fu
Science 14 February
2014: 737-739.[DOI:10.1126/science.1247620]
Global warming is
likely to lead to overall drying of land surfaces.
◉PNAS
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