New Papers (Nature, Science, etc.) September 24–September 30, 2024

 

NATURE

• Variations in deep-sea methane seepage linked to millennial-scale changes in bottom water temperatures  ~  50  –  6  ka, NW Svalbard margin. Rasmussen, TL, El bani Altuna, N. & Thomsen, E.  Sci Rep  14 , 22184 (2024) . https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72865-3  
• Marine biogeochemical nitrogen cycling through Earth's history.  Stüeken, EE, Pellerin, A., Thomazo, C.  et al.  Nat Rev Earth Environ  (2024)
• Tilted transverse isotropy in Earth's inner core.  Brett, H., Tromp, J. & Deuss, A. Nat. Geosci.  (2024)
• Climate variability shifts the vertical structure of phytoplankton in the Sargasso Sea.   Viljoen, JJ, Sun, X. & Brewin, RJW Nat. Clim. Chang.  (2024). 
• Feasible deployment of carbon capture and storage and the requirements of climate targets.  Kazlou, T., Cherp, A. & Jewell, J. Nat. Clim. Chang.  (2024). 
• Forecasting national CO ₂  emissions worldwide. Costantini, L., Laio, F., Mariani, MS   et al. Sci Rep  14, 22438 (2024)    
• Interplay of the Indian summer monsoon and intermonsoon precipitation in Sri Lanka due to ITCZ ​​migration during the last 80000 years. Ranasinghe, PN, Hughen, KA, Wijewardhana, TUT   et al. Sci Rep  14, 22178 (2024)      
• Constraining the trend in the ocean CO ₂  sink during 2000–2022. Mayot, N., Buitenhuis, ET, Wright, RM   et al.  Nat Commun  15, 8429 (2024)

GEOLOGY

• Seawater sulfate dynamics and a new tipping point in the Earth system Mojtaba Fakhraee ; Kohen W. Bauer ; Sean A. Crowe 
• Pulse of intense oxidative weathering during the latest Paleoproterozoic Xiuqing Yang ; Guowei Yang ; Chao Li ; Kurt O. Konhauser ; Changzhi Wu ; Fang Huang ; Jingwen Mao

SCIENCE

• A dynamic mid-crustal magma domain revealed by the 2023 to 2024 Sundhnúksgígar eruptions, Iceland. Simon W. Matthews  et al.   Science 0,eadp8778

SCIENCE ADVANCE

• Enhanced global carbon cycle sensitivity to tropical temperature linked to internal climate variability. Na Li    et al.    Sci. Adv. 10,eadl6155(2024). 

PNAS

N/A

ARTICLE FROM SCIENCE (ADDITIONAL)

https://www.science.org/content/article/doomsday-may-be-delayed-antarctica-s-most-vulnerable-glacier

服部先生の「奄美でハブを40年研究してきました。」を読みました。

 皆さんこんにちは。事務補佐員の柴辻です。

もうお読みになった方も多いと思いますが、奄美医科研の元准教授、服部正策先生のご著書を紹介したいと思います。服部先生には横山研もハブの歯その他でお世話になっています。

最初、私はこのタイトルを見て「そのままやん？」と驚いたのですが、読み終わると「先生の思いがこめられた、ぴったりなタイトルなのだ」と感心しました。ちなみに新潮社のこの本、表紙も魅力的なので、何というデザイナーかと思って奥付を見ると「イラストなどすべて著者」ということでした。服部先生すごいですね。

 

言うまでもなく、本の内容はどこを読んでもおもしろいです。ハブに関する詳しいお話から、奄美の自然や文化、環境保護についてまで。なかでも「私とハブとの仁義なき二十年戦争」は圧巻です。読んでいてふと、宮沢賢治の「なめとこ山の熊」に出てくる猟師と熊の関係を思い出してしまいました。まあ、ちょっと違うかもしれません。

 

幻の黒糖焼酎「瀬戸の灘」の話にはもっと感銘を受けました。寝かせば寝かせるほどおいしくなる、そんな紹興酒みたいな焼酎があったなんて・・と夢のように想像してしまいました。

ところが最近、中国の食べ物について調べていたところ、こんな記事を発見しました。それは「中国の蒸留酒“白酒”は瓶で保管しておくだけでおいしくなる。瓶熟成？」というものです。沖縄の泡盛でも同じようなことがあるらしいです。これは、白酒や泡盛のなかに熟成にかかわる油分が含まれているためだとか。昔の「瀬戸の灘」が瓶で熟成したのもこの油分のせいかもしれません。ボロボロの酒蔵がきれいに生まれ変わって失われた味・・・私の故郷、天下の「灘五郷」も昭和の時代にオートメーション化されました。当時学校の先生なんかは、「オートメ化されて温度管理が正確になって昔より良い酒が作れるようになったのだ」と胸をはって教えていました。本当にそうだったら良いのですが。

 

奄美に話を戻すと、請島のウケユリは私の今後の目標の一つになりそうです。私はこれまで何も下調べなし、ついて歩くだけという山歩きをしてきたので、地味な高山植物の花の名前を覚えるのも苦手です。ですが、ユリ科の花なら好きだし、名前に地名がついている花を本場で見るのは格別なもの。元気なうちにぜひ目標を持って加計呂麻島から請島まで遊びに行きたい、と思うようになりました。

 

環境保護についても、よくわからぬままに悲観的になる一方でしたが、服部先生のくつろいだお考えに「そういうこともあるのか」とほっとし、もっと勉強したいと思いました。

養老先生も最後「解説」で書いておられるように、この本はたくさんの人に読んでいただきたい一冊です。

New Papers (Nature, Science, etc.) September 16–September 22, 2024

Nature

1. Observation-constrained projections reveal longer-than-expected dry spells

Irina Y. Petrova, Diego G. Miralles, Florent Brient, Markus G. Donat, Seung-Ki Min, Yeon-Hee Kim & Margot Bador 

Nature Geoscience

2. Reducing soil nitrogen losses from fertilizer use in global maize and wheat production

Chao Wang, Yun Shen, Xiantao Fang, Shuqi Xiao, Genyuan Liu, Ligang Wang, Baojing Gu, Feng Zhou, Deli Chen, Hanqin Tian, Philippe Ciais, Jianwen Zou & Shuwei Liu 

Nature Climate Change

3. Rising cause-specific mortality risk and burden of compound heatwaves amid climate change

Jiangdong Liu, Jinlei Qi, Peng Yin, Wei Liu, Cheng He, Ya Gao, Lu Zhou, Yixiang Zhu, Haidong Kan, Renjie Chen & Maigeng Zhou 

4. Disproportionate impact of atmospheric heat events on lake surface water temperature increases

Xiwen Wang, Kun Shi, Boqiang Qin, Yunlin Zhang & R. Iestyn Woolway 

5. Limited net poleward movement of reef species over a decade of climate extremes

Yann Herrera Fuchs, Graham J. Edgar, Amanda E. Bates, Conor Waldock & Rick D. Stuart-Smith 

6. Ocean warming as a trigger for irreversible retreat of the Antarctic ice sheet

Emily A. Hill, G. Hilmar Gudmundsson & David M. Chandler

Nature Communications

7. Emergent constraints on future Amazon climate change-induced carbon loss using past global warming trends

Irina Melnikova, Tokuta Yokohata, Akihiko Ito, Kazuya Nishina, Kaoru Tachiiri & Hideo Shiogama

Communications Earth & Environment

8. Ocean acidification does not prolong recovery of coral holobionts from natural thermal stress in two consecutive years

Kerri L. Dobson, Christopher P. Jury, Robert J. Toonen, Rowan H. McLachlan, Jeremy C. Williams & Andréa G. Grottoli 

9. Heterogeneity of the East Asian rainfall influenced by solar-forced western Pacific subtropical high

Hai Xu, Yunping Song, Jian Cao, Jianghu Lan, Jin Zhang, Kang’en Zhou, Jing Wang, Peng Cheng, Bing Hong, Jun Cheng & Liangcheng Tan 

Science

10. Atmospheric blocking slows ocean-driven melting of Greenland’s largest glacier tongue

Rebecca Adam McPherson, Claudia Wekerle, Torsten Kanzow, Monica Ionita, Finn Ole Heukamp, Ole Zeising, Angelika Humbert

Science Advances

11. Pacific Ocean–originated anthropogenic carbon and its long-term variations in the South China Sea

Zhixuan Wang, Zhimian Cao, Zhiqiang Liu, Weidong Zhai, Yaohua Luo, Yuxin Lin, Elliott Roberts, Jianping Gan, Minhan Dai

12. Enhanced ocean heat storage efficiency during the last deglaciation

Chenyu Zhu, Saray Sanchez, Zhengyu Liu, Peter U. Clark, Chengfei He, Lingfeng Wan, Jiuyou Lu, Chenguang Zhu, Lingwei Li, Shaoqing Zhang, Lijing Cheng

PNAS

13. Global scale assessment of urban precipitation anomalies

Xinxin Sui, Zong-Liang Yang, Marshall Shepherd, Dev Niyogi

'24 - International Short Course II Earth and Planetary Sciences

こんにちは!

Moin! This is   おしん , from Germany (and Sri Lanka) who joined the lab this summer for a three-month exchange from University of Bremen. 

During my stay, thanks to Yusuke's invitation I was very lucky to attend the International Short Course - here is an entry about my experience. 

I've always considered myself a “pure” scientist—focused solely on the scientific curiosity behind earth sciences, avoiding the societal implications. However, this course introduced me to the profound impact of natural hazards on humanity, which has subtly started to reshape my perspective. We visited museums and sites affected by natural disasters like earthquakes and tsunamis, and hearing firsthand stories of victims was eye-opening. It made me rethink my role as a geoscientist, shifting my view towards conducting research that could actively help people.

First Week – Heavy Yet Enlightening

My first day started with a mixture of excitement and nerves as I joined Kaoru and Shunsuke, whom I was a little more familiar with, for lectures.  The first two days were filled with in-house lectures. It was fascinating to observe the dynamic teaching style, especially coming from a background where lectures are more one-sided. The Australians were incredibly lively, engaging in discussions, and constantly questioning the professors. It made the learning process feel active, and I admired their confidence in expressing their opinions. 

The first week was emotionally heavy. We visited Fukushima, where we saw firsthand the devastation caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. At the Nuclear Disaster Memorial Museum and the TEPCO Decommissioning Archive Center, I felt the weight of the destruction and how it continues to affect lives. Seeing the places and hearing the stories made me think differently about teaching geosciences—understanding the true magnitude of geohazards beyond economic impacts, and recognizing the emotional toll they leave behind, affecting generations.

Site Visits – Understanding Geohazards Up Close
Our group traveled to various sites:

• The Otsuchi Coastal Research Center.
• The Karakuwa Peninsula to see the tsunami boulder—an overwhelming sight.
• Climbing evacuation points was a humbling experience, making the disaster feel more real, although it could never compare to what the victims experienced.
• We also visited life-saving mounds, structures designed to help during future tsunamis

After the intensity of the first week, we had a much-needed free day. Some of the Australian students explored Tokyo, while a few of us, including the UTokyo students, got a chance to hang out together. 

Mt. Hoei and Saiko Bat Cave – Adventure Awaits!

Seeing Mt. Fuji for the first time was breathtaking! We visited multiple sites around the mountain, including the Jiragonno Lava Flow, Saiko Bat Cave, and the Otagawa Outcrop. The sheer size of Fuji left me speechless—it was unlike anything I'd ever seen before. The highlight of our fieldwork was climbing Mt. Hoei, an exhausting yet exhilarating climb. 

The highlight of our fieldwork was climbing Mt. Hoei, an exhausting yet exhilarating climb. Despite its height, the view from the top was absolutely worth every step, and the climb down was just as fun. There was something about the place that made me feel like I could spend eternity there—it was serene and awe-inspiring.

We also visited the Saiko Bat Cave. Earth scientists (myself included) have a special love for caves, and this one didn't disappoint. Crawling through the narrow entrance felt like an adventure straight out of an exploration book!

The Arai Checkpoint was another fascinating visit, giving us a glimpse into life during the Edo period, from how people dressed to how they lived and hunted and coped with Tsunami at the time.

Final Week – Bonding and Farewells
Back on the bus, we had the most entertaining debates about Takenoko vs. Kinoko (a heated Japanese snack rivalry!). We also played a game called Ito, which really showed how well we'd all bonded over time. The Australians and I shared so many laughs and stories that it was hard to say goodbye. For most of us, trying out onsens was a completely new experience, and it's something I'll definitely miss from Japan.

Exploring Beyond the Course

As the course wrapped up, I was fortunate to continue exploring Japan with new friends. I spent a day in Kappabashi with Jonas, Ciera, hunting for beautiful Japanese bowls (a true treasure hunt!). I also went to a Japanese aquarium with Ciara, Saamy , and Shunsuke, which was so much fun looking into the Jellyfish. 

Instead of an “Irish goodbye,” we were able to genuinely bond and enjoy our time with our new friends.

I used to find it difficult to form short but meaningful connections. But after the course, a good friend of mine said something that stuck with me: “Friendships aren't about how long you've known someone, but about the quality of time you spend together.” That made me realize how important moments are, no matter how brief. 

On a final note, International Courseき! Had it not been for this course I wouldn't have been able to visit north of Japan nor had the chance to get these perspectives nor meeting these amazing people had it not been for this course. During the course I was able to also a pick a few Japanese slang and a few words that now help me get along with daily life and asking for little help in the lab.

Signing out,

Oshin

New Papers (Elsevier) 2023/9/10-2023/9/16

Chemical Geology 

[1] A review of the major chemical and isotopic characteristics of groundwater in crystalline rocks of the Canadian Shield

Lamine Boumaiza, Randy Stotler, Shaun Frape

Earth and Planetary Science Letters 

[2] Long-term evolution of the Sulzberger Ice Shelf, West Antarctica: Insights from 74-year observations and 2022 Hunga-Tonga volcanic tsunami-induced calving

Aiguo Zhao, Yuan Cheng, Alexander D. Fraser, Luke G. Bennetts, Haifeng Xiao, Qi Liang, Teng Li, Rongxing Li

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

[3] Influence of the Amazon River on the composition of particulate organic carbon in the western tropical Atlantic Ocean

Giovanna S.A. Utsumi, Ding He, William M. Berelson, Renato M. Castelao, Patricia L. Yager, Patricia M. Medeiros

Oxygen isotope fractionation during amorphous to crystalline calcium carbonate transformation at varying relative humidity and temperature

[4] Maria P. Asta, Sarah Bonilla-Correa, Aurélie Pace, Martin Dietzel, 

Antonio García-Alix, Torsten Vennemann, Anders Meibom, Arthur Adams

Global and Planetary Change

[5] The future extent of the Anthropocene epoch: A synthesis

C.P. Summerhayes, J. Zalasiewicz, M.J. Head, J. Syvitski, A.D. Barnosky, A. Cearreta, B. Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł, J. Grinevald, R. Leinfelder, F.M.G. McCarthy, J.R. McNeill, Y. Saito, M. Wagreich, C.N. Waters, M. Williams, J. Zinke

Marine Geology

N/A

Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology

[6] Climate, vegetation, and environmental change during the MIS 12-MIS 11 glacial-interglacial transition inferred from a high-resolution pollen record from the Fucino Basin of central Italy

Pablo Vera-Polo, Laura Sadori, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Alessia Masi, Biagio Giaccio, Giovanni Zanchetta, P. Chronis Tzedakis, Bernd Wagner

[7] A new species of benthic ostracod Tuberoloxoconcha: A proxy for glacioeustatic sea-level changes in the Gulf of Corinth

R. Parisi, T.M. Cronin, G. Aiello, D. Barra, D.L. Danielopol, D.J. Horne, I. Mazzini

[8] Distinct mechanisms controlling and influencing the supply of clay-sized sediments to the northern shelf of the Sea of Okhotsk since the Last Glacial Maximum

Xuejiao Jiang, Kunshan Wang, Xuguang Feng, Zhengquan Yao, Jianjun Zou, Anqi Wang, Xuefa Shi, Xinqing Zou

Quaternary Geochronology

[9] CosmoChron: A versatile age-depth modeling approach using cosmogenic nuclides and direct age constraints

Aske L. Sørensen, Thomas M. Hansen, Jesper Nørgaard, Jan-Pieter Buylaert, Andrew S. Murray, Ekaterina Kulakova, Redzhep Kurbanov, Mads F. Knudsen

[10] Geochronological advances in human and proboscideans first arrival date in the Philippines archipelago (Cagayan valley, Luzon Island)

Jean-Baptiste Lambard, Alison Pereira, Pierre Voinchet, Hervé Guillou, Marian C. Reyes, Sébastien Nomade, Xavier Gallet, Maricar Belarmino, Jean-Jacques Bahain, John De Vos, Christophe Falguères, Andrea Cosalan, Thomas Ingicco

Quaternary International 

[11] Late Holocene rapid paleoenvironmental changes and anthropogenic impacts in central Yunnan, southwest China

Zhikai Xue, Weiwei Sun, Beibei Shen, Rong Wang, Chunhai Li, Enlou Zhang

Quaternary Research

N/A