1/30/2018

Yokoyama Lab.'s New Year's Party

126日、横山研究室で新年会をしました。

1月から研究生として横山研に来たアリョーナ(Moscow state Univ.)の歓迎会、12月からインターンシップで来ていたカイ(Australia National Univ. )の送別会、そしてつい先日、博士論文審査会を終えたベルさんと平林さんのお疲れ様会を兼ねたパーティーでした。

また、9月以降から研究室に加わったエメリック、べサニー、アダム、松田さんなども含め、研究室のほとんどのメンバーが集まっての初めての飲み会となり、忙しい年度末に向けてつかの間の楽しい時間を過ごすことができました。



台湾料理店にて、横山研新年会

New Papers (Nature, Science… 22 – 28/January ,2017)

Nature
1. Israeli fossils are the oldest modern humans ever found outside of Africa
Ewen Callaway

Nature Geoscience
2. Deep and persistent melt layer in the Archaean mantle
Denis Andrault

3. Massive collapse of two glaciers in western Tibet in 2016 after surge-like instability
Andreas Kääb

Nature Climate Change
4. The health of Antarctic ice shelves (NEWS & VIEWS)


Olivier Gagliardini

5. The far reach of ice-shelf thinning in Antarctica


R. Reese, G. H. Gudmundsson, A. Levermann & R. Winkelmann

Nature Communications
6. Global observations of reflectors in the mid-mantle with implications for mantle structure and dynamics
Lauren Waszek

7. Pronounced centennial-scale Atlantic Ocean climate variability correlated with Western Hemisphere hydroclimate
Kaustubh Thirumalai

8. Ice volume and climate changes from a 6000 year sea-level record in French Polynesia
N. Hallmann, G. Camoin, A. Eisenhauer, A. Botella, G.A. Milne, C. Vella, E. Samankassou, V. Pothin, P. Dussouillez, J. Fleury & J. Fietzke

PNAS
9. Freshwater salinization syndrome on a continental scale

Sujay S. Kaushal, Gene E. Likens, Michael L. Pace, Ryan M. Utz, Shahan Haq, Julia Gorman, Melissa Grese


1/25/2018

2017年度の活動、振り返り その3

古河市仁連小学校での特別授業・長野県屋代高校特別授業

2017年10月、11月
横山先生は高校の特別授業に講師として行かれることが多いですが、小学校にも出前授業に出かけられることがあります。
10、11月には茨城県古河市の小学校で特別授業をされました。
5年生も熱心に話を聞いてくれて、面白い質問もしてくれたということです。

また、その後にはスーパーサイエンスハイスクールに指定されている長野県屋代高校への出張講義に行かれました。物理の講義時間に特別講義を行い、身近な気候や環境と物理が繋がっていることを認識してくれたようでした。

小学校での出前授業の様子はこちらのHPに掲載されています。
サイエンスキッズの今

1/24/2018

2017年度の活動、振り返り その2

地球化学若手シンポジウムでの講演

2017年9月16日
2週間にわたるオーストラリア国立大学の学生と東大生の合同ショートコースを終えた翌日、地球化学若手シンポジウムにて横山先生が講演をされました。総勢30名を超える”若手研究者(含学生)”のみなさんに、キャリアパスや専門の研究を進めていく上で参考になりそうな話題を取り上げての講演でした。
講演会の会場の外には綺麗な海成段丘が見えたそうです。

講演会場からの景色

1/23/2018

Introduction of new papers from AGU, EGU… (2018/01/15~21)

Geophysical Research Letters
1. Big Jump of Record Warm Global Mean Surface Temperature in 2014-2016 Related to Unusually Large Oceanic Heat Releases
Jianjun Yin, Jonathan Overpeck, Cheryl Peyser, Ronald Stouffer

2. Causes of glacier melt extremes in the Alps since 1949
E. Thibert, P. Dkengne Sielenou, V. Vionnet, N. Eckert, C. Vincent

Climate of the Past
3. Hybrid insolation forcing of Pliocene monsoon dynamics in West Africa
Rony R. Kuechler, Lydie M. Dupont, and Enno Schefuß

4. Autumn–winter minimum temperature changes in the southern Sikhote-Alin mountain range of northeastern Asia since 1529 AD
Olga N. Ukhvatkina, Alexander M. Omelko, Alexander A. Zhmerenetsky, and Tatyana Y. Petrenko

5. Tropical Atlantic climate and ecosystem regime shifts during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Joost Frieling, Gert-Jan Reichart, Jack J. Middelburg, Ursula Röhl, Thomas Westerhold, Steven M. Bohaty, and Appy Sluijs

Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
6. Annual REE signal of East Asian winter monsoon in surface seawater in the northern South China Sea: Evidence from a century-long Porites coral record
Wei Jiang, Kefu Yu, Yinxian Song, Jian-xin Zhao, Yue-xing Feng, Yinghui Wang, Shendong Xu, Tao Han

Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
7. Late Quaternary Deep Stratification-Climate Coupling in the Southern Ocean: Implications for Changes in Abyssal Carbon Storage

Li Wu, Rujian Wang, Wenshen Xiao, Wout Krijgsman, Qianyu Li, Shulan Ge, Tong Ma

2017年度の活動、振り返り その1

熊本県立天草高校 講演会/科学部アドバイス 

2017年7月、横山先生がスーパーサイエンスハイスクールに指定されいている熊本県立天草高校の講演会にて講演をされました。とても暑い中、全校生徒の皆さん真剣に耳を傾けてくれたということです。


様子はこちら↓

http://sh.higo.ed.jp/amakusa/jot6yy03f-531/

1/16/2018

New Papers(Nature, etc)

2018/01/08~14 New Papers(Nature, etc)

Nature Communication
1. Tectonically-triggered sediment and carbon export to the Hadal zone
Rui Bao, Michael Strasser, Ann P. McNichol, Negar Haghipour, Cameron McIntyre, Gerold Wefer & Timothy I. Eglinton

Geology
Nature
Nature Climate Change
Nature Geoscience
PNAS
Science

no relevants

1/08/2018

New Papers(AGU,EGU,GSA) 2017/12/25~31

New Papers(AGU,EGU,GSA) 2017/12/25~31

JGR: Oceans
1. Physical and Biological Drivers of Biogeochemical Tracers Within the Seasonal Sea Ice Zone of the Southern Ocean From Profiling Floats
Ellen M. Briggs, Todd R. Martz, Lynne D. Talley, Matthew R. Mazloff, Kenneth S. Johnson

2. The Effect of Alongcoast Advection on Pacific Northwest Shelf and Slope Water Properties in Relation to Upwelling Variability
Hally B. Stone, Neil S. Banas, Parker MacCready

Geophysical Research Letters
3. Current and future decadal trends in the oceanic carbon uptake are dominated by internal variability
Hongmei Li, Tatiana Ilyina

Climate of the past
Paleoceanography
Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems
Global Biogeochemical Cycles
GSA Bulletin

no relevants

1/05/2018

General report of the International seminar/国際セミナーレポート Days 11 (15/9/2017)

Day11 @Kashiwa: Presentation, each group, Farewell Party


[各グループごとに自分たちの最も印象に残ったトピックを取り上げてスライドを作っている]
[Each group prepared a presentation of their choices]

[最後はグループごとにプレゼン!]
[A final presentation by each group]

All 5 groups did their presentation on their favourite topics. Here are topics and some important points that each group introduced.

Group A: Topic[Volcanos]
1: Pre-Fuji volcanoes; Mt. Fuji consists 4 volcanoes.
2: Volcanic history of Shin Fuji; The volcanic activity of Mt. Fuji can be divided into five different stages. Activity decreased from A.D.1000.
3: Crater locations and the tectonic settings of Mt. Fuji; The craters of Mt. Fuji follow the line of subduction.
4: Macroscopic Geomorphology; The Hoei Eruption dykes.
5: Culture; Goraiko, the sunrise seen from the peak of Mt. Fuji.
6: Evacuation plans; Evacuation plans are showed for the event of future Mt. Fuji eruption.
7: Microscopic Geomorphology; Lava Tree Molds and the womb Mold.

Group B: Topic [Tsunami in Japan]
1: Generation of the tsunami; Energy released by the earthquake inside the oceanic plate generates the Tsunami.
2: Evidences from the past; Can be seen from the past tsunamis deposits in Sanriku region. Also from the historical literature such as the Nihon Sandai Jitsuroku.
3: Tsunami features; Tsunami has some interesting features, such as its relationship between the velocity, depth, and the height. When the tsunami is travelling around deep ocean, velocity is very fast, but the height is short. When the Tsunami is travelling around shallow ocean, the velocity is slower, but the height is a lot taller.
4: Coastal Features and Mitigation Strategies; Since the topography of coastlines affects the force of tsunami, it is important to have mitigation plans that are suitable for each locality.
5: Technologies and Engineering; After the great Tsunami event, engineers tried hard to reconstruct the sights that are damaged by the Tsunami.

Group C: Topic [Volcano]
1: Geomorphology of Mt. Fuji; Structure of the mountain is unique since it contains different volcanos from the past.
2: Volcanic Histories; Indicating the Hoei eruption was the most recent eruption. Existence of 3 different craters at Hoei eruption site indicate that Hoei eruption was not a single eruption, but was 3 different eruptions.
3: Evacuation plans; Evacuation plans are made and updated regularly to enhance the awareness that Mt. Fuji will erupt in future.
4: Culture: Warship and Art; For example, a poem of Mt. Fuji from “Manyoshu”, which is the oldest collection poetry. Another example of painting of Mt. Fuji from “Thirty-six views of mount Fuji”.
5: Modelling; The use of geophysical flow model, ash distribution models, and tephra dispersal models help to construct the Hazard map for Mt. Fuji future eruption.

Group D: Topic [Tsunami]
1: What is Tsunami; There are several types of Tsunami categorised by how it is generated such as landslide generated, and earthquake generated.
2: The Tohoku region and 3.11; Explained by one of the members from Group D who was living in Tohoku region during the 3.11 earthquake. She told us what she experienced during the earthquake.
3: The outside perspective of 3.11; Explained by showing how the media reacted to the event.
4: What technology exists to mitigate the effects of a Tsunami; Japan Meteorological Agency has an equipment to monitor all the small earthquakes occurring at Japan, which can detect the micro earthquake before the big earthquake occur. This is used as a warning system in Japan.
5: What can be done to prepare for the future Tsunami; By analysing the Nankai trough activities, past Tsunami deposits, and constructing Inochi-yama mountain, and Tsunami evacuation tower, we are able to mitigate some impacts of the Tsunami in the future.

Group E: Topic [Mt. Fuji]
1: Cultural history; Religion at Mt. Fuji is based on Shinto which is one of the Japanese original religion.
2: Volcanic History; There were two main eruption, Jogan and Hoei eruption.
3: Geomorphology; Group E showed the lava flow history of Mt. Fuji and the magma contained at Mt. Fuji is explosive basaltic magma. Also, they showed that Ropy Pahoehoe Tree Molds are observable at Mt Fuji.
4: Evacuation plan; Since the eruption can be explosive, a hazard map is created for Mt. Fuji future eruption.
5: Miscellaneous; Building construction; Group E explained how to construct a building in a country with such intensive earthquakes. Understanding the geography, right use of material and design provide a well quake resisting building.

Even though some groups presented similar topics in their presentations, but they were still very inspiring for everyone.


[AORIにある寿司屋「はま」にてさよならパーティー]
[Farewell Party at Hama the Sushi restaurant in AORI]

After all the presentations were done, we had a farewell party at Hama the Sushi restaurant. After spending two weeks in Japan, students from ANU said that they have seen and learnt so much that they would never experience back in Australia. Even though it was very sad to say goodbyes, we knew that we will see each other again in near future. Of course, the trip was not only inspiring to the students from ANU, but also to the U Tokyo students as well. We all learnt about the geological hazards not only by the lectures but also by seeing and feeling through visiting many different sights. 

General report of the International seminar/国際セミナーレポート Days 7-10 (11-14/9/2017)

Day7-9 @Kanagawa and Fuji
Day7: Visit to Fujitsu Kawasaki laboratories, Mt. Fuji Research Institute


[富士通川崎研究所のロビーにてGroup photo]
[At Fujitsu Kawasaki Laboratories, where new technologies are being created]

We visited Fujitsu Kawasaki Laboratories on day 7. At this location, we saw many gadgets filled with new technologies. As the performances of the super computer increase, we are able to handle more complex data and analyse them more deeply. 

[富士山科学研究所にて、富士山の形成史や溶岩の特徴などについての講義を受ける学生たち]
[At Mt. Fuji Research Institute, lectures on history and characteristics of Mt. Fuji.]

Before climbing up the Mt. Fuji, it is important to understand its formation and tectonic settings. At Mt. Fuji Research Institute, we attended several lectures on history and characteristics of Mt. Fuji.

[溶岩が流れる道筋について富士山科学研究所の研究者と議論する学生達]
[students and researchers discussing the pathways of lava flow]

The direction of lava flow is heavily dependent on the topography. We used a detailed map with the topography of Mt. Fuji and shampoo liquid to imitate the behaviour of the lava flow.



Day8: Mt. Fuji world heritage centre, Funatsu Tainai cave, Saiko Komoriana cave, Jiraginno Aokigahara Lava Flow

[富士山世界遺産センターにて、富士山の文化的な面を学ぶ]
[At Mt. Fuji world heritage centre, we studied about the cultural aspect of Mt. Fuji]

We visited this newly built Mt. Fuji world heritage centre. Inside of this facility, there’s a 15m wide Mt. Fuji model which is entirely covered with the Japanese paper. Here we learnt about the religious and cultural aspects of Mt. Fuji.

[テンションの高い畑中さん]
[Some of the students got quite excited.]

[溶岩樹型の中に実際に入り、中を見学]
[The Lava Tree Mold near Mt. Fuji world heritage centre]


Here, we entered a Lava Tree Mold which is a hole that was created by the tree which the lava flowed around.  

[船津胎内樹型にて、学生たち]
[At Funatsu Tainai Lava Tree Mold]


We had to crouch with our knees to our chest to go inside the Funatsu Tainai Lava Tree Mold which is roughly 70 m series of caves at the northern side of the Mt. Fuji.

[西湖コウモリ穴にて、学生達とディスカッションする横山先生]
[The Komoriana cave. Prof. Yokoyama giving us a lecture of the theories of the formation of this cave]



Day9: Climb up Mt. Hoei, Visit Fisheries Laboratory U Tokyo

[宝永火口付近にて、Group photo、そろそろかなり仲良くなってきた感]
[Near the Mt. Hoei, group photo]


Finally, we climbed up the Mt. Fuji on day 9. Mostly it was cloudy, but we saw some blue skies from time to time. 



[宝永火口付近に着弾していた火山弾]
[Volcanic bomb near the Mt. Hoei eruption site]


This huge volcanic bomb was shot from the eruption site of Mt. Hoei. The rock was half melt and half solid when it was ejected, but soon it got cooled and solidified while it was traveling. We were able to see the evidence of cooling processes of this volcanic bomb very well from this sample. 

[宝永山頂を目指す学生達]
[students climbing up the mountain]


Although it was relatively a short walk, this was already 2000m above the ground with thin air and we had to walk on a sandy week road which consumed quite a lot of energy to climb. 

[東京大学水産実験場にて、フグのいけす]
[Fisheries Laboratory of U Tokyo]

At the Fisheries Laboratory of U Tokyo, we had a lecture on the research projects of doctors at this location. We also saw some fish tanks filled with puffer fish. 

[富士登山でクタクタだった学生達も急に元気に、浜名湖からの夕日がとても綺麗でした。]
[sunset from Hamana lake]

Although we were all exhausted from the mountain climbing, seeing the beautiful sunset from Hamana lake was a perfect ending of this day.


Day10 @Enshu region Visit Arai Checkpoint (Arai-no-Sekisho), Otagawa lowland, Minato inochi-yama, Nakashinden inochi-yama

[新居の関所にて、Group photo]
[Group photo at Arai-no-Sekisho]

At Arai-no-Sekisho, we saw a security check point that was used to check the traveller’s identity during the Edo period. This checkpoint was destroyed by the earthquake and tsunami several times, and had to be reconstructed again and again.

[太田川低地にて、河川敷を歩く学生達]
[At Otagawa plane, students walking near the river bank]

At Otagawa plane, we walked down the river bank to get to see the outcrop where we can see the tsunami deposits from the past.


[太田川低地にて、過去の津波堆積物を見学、オレンジ色の線は一度の地震で押し寄せた津波の回数に相当する。]
[Tsunami Deposit of Otagawa river bank]


At this location, we saw some tsunami deposits indicating the past tsunami events. The red/orange layers reflect the number of tsunami struck in one earthquake event.