＜Nature＞
1. Reindeer keep the ground cool
Nature 498, 140 (13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/498140a Published online 12 June 2013
Reindeer herding
practices and their effect on vegetation in northern Scandinavia may influence
when snow melts in spring.
2. Climate and war: A call for more research
Neil Adger, Jon Barnett & Geoff Dabelko
Nature 498,171(13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/498171b Published online 12 June 2013
The possibility
that climate change could be responsible for violent conflict (A.
Solow Nature 497,179–180; 2013) is starting to influence how
governments frame and react to climate change.
3. Climate and war: No clear-cut schism
Michael Brzoska & Jürgen Scheffran
Nature 498, 171 (13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/498171c Published online12 June 2013
They are sceptical
about the effectiveness of Andrew Solow's proposals for cooling the debate over
a possible link between wars and climate change ( Nature 497 , 179 – 180 ; 2013
).
4. Sea stars shed too-hot arms
Nature 498, 140 (13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/498140c Published online 12 June 2013
Sea stars may use
their arms to keep their central cores cool when high temperatures threaten
their survival.
5. Brazil: Save Caatinga from drought disaster
Roberto Leonan Morim Novaes, Saulo Felix
& Renan de França Souza
Nature 498,170 (13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/498170a Published online 12 June 2013
Whether natural
fluctuations in temperature and rainfall or climate change are to blame, the
lack of water is killing livestock and destroying crops.
6. Transgenic fish: European concerns over GM salmon
J. Robert Britton & Rodolphe E. Gozlan
Nature 498,171 (13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/498171e Published online 12 June 2013
7. Ecology: Conservation in captivity
Amanda Mascarelli
Nature 498, 261–263 (13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/nj7453-261a Published online 12 June 2013
Zoos provide an
opportunity to work on crucial issues of biodiversity while reaching out to the
public.
8. Conservation: Spare our restored soil
Johan Six
Nature 498,180–181 (13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/498180a Published online 12 June 2013
The conversion of
poor-quality arable lands to grassland has prevented soil erosion and
sequestered carbon. A study finds that greenhouse gases will be emitted if
these lands return to cultivation, especially if they are ploughed.
9. Barium distributions in teeth reveal early-life
dietary transitions in primates
Christine Austin, Tanya M. Smith, Asa
Bradman, Katie Hinde, Renaud Joannes-Boyau, David Bishop, Dominic J. Hare,
Philip Doble, Brenda Eskenazi & Manish Arora
Nature 498, 216–219 (13 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/nature12169 Received03 December 2012 Accepted 08 April
2013 Published online 22 May 2013
＜Science＞
10. Redox Heterogeneity in Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalts as
a Function of Mantle Source
Elizabeth Cottrell and Katherine A. Kelley
Science 14 June 2013:
Vol. 340 no. 6138 pp.
1314-1317 DOI: 10.1126/science.1233299
Negative correlations
between Fe 3+ /ΣFe ratios and indices of mantle enrichment—such as 87 Sr/ 86
Sr, 208 Pb/ 204 Pb, Ba/La, and Nb/Zr ratios—reveal that enriched mantle is more
reduced than depleted mantle.
11. On the Trail of Ancient Killers
Ann Gibbons
Science 14 June 2013: Vol.
340
no.
6138 pp.1278-1282 DOI: 10.1126/science.340.6138.1278
Armed with new
methods, researchers are interrogating the DNA of centuries-old pathogens
extracted from the bones and teeth of victims.
12. Genome-Wide Comparison of Medieval and
Modern Mycobacterium leprae
Verena J. Schuenemann, Pushpendra
Singh, Thomas A. Mendum, Ben Krause-Kyora, Günter Jäger, Kirsten
I. Bos, Alexander Herbig, Christos Economou, Andrej Benjak, Philippe
Busso, Almut Nebel, Jesper L. Boldsen, Anna
Kjellström, Huihai Wu, Graham R. Stewart,G. Michael
Taylor, Peter Bauer, Oona Y.-C. Lee, Houdini H.T. Wu, David
E. Minnikin, Gurdyal S. Besra, Katie Tucker, Simon Roffey, Samba
O. Sow, Stewart T. Cole, Kay Nieselt, and Johannes Krause
Science 1238286 Published online 13 June2013 [DOI:10.1126/science.1238286]
The exceptional
preservation of M. leprae biomarkers, both DNA and mycolic acids, in
ancient skeletons has major implications for palaeomicrobiology and human
pathogen evolution.
13. Geophysical Exploration Linking Deep Earth and
Backyard Geology
Richard A. Kerr
Science 14 June 2013: Vol. 340 no.
6138 pp. 1283-1285
DOI: 10.1126/science.340.6138.1283
Big Science came
to solid-Earth studies when the $400 million EarthScope program offered a
sharper view of the interior that could help geologists; it's working, mostly.
14. The Age of Man: A Father Figure
U. Kutschera
Science 14 June 2013: 1287.
In the News &
Analysis story “Archaeologists say the 'Anthropocene' is here—but it began long
ago” (M. Balter, 19 April, p. 261 ).
15. The Age of Man: Outpacing Evolution
Josef Settele and Joachim H.
Spangenberg
Science 14 June 2013: 1287.
16. Water in the Balance
James S. Famiglietti and Matthew
Rodell
Science 14 June 2013: 1300-1301.
Satellite data may
enable improved management of regional groundwater reserves.
17. Hydrogen Isotopes in Lunar Volcanic Glasses and
Melt Inclusions Reveal a Carbonaceous Chondrite Heritage
Alberto E. Saal, Erik H.
Hauri, James A. Van Orman, and Malcolm J. Rutherford
Science 14 June 2013: 1317-1320.
Published online 9 May 2013 [DOI:10.1126/science.1235142]
Hydrogen isotope
ratios in lunar samples imply a common origin for Earth’s and the Moon’s water.
18. Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of
Cirrus Cloud Formation
Daniel J. Cziczo, Karl D.
Froyd, Corinna Hoose, Eric J. Jensen, Minghui Diao, Mark A.
Zondlo, Jessica B. Smith,Cynthia H. Twohy, and Daniel M. Murphy
Science 14 June 2013: 1320-1324.
Published online 9 May 2013 [DOI:10.1126/science.1234145]
Mineral dust and
metallic particles initiate most ice nucleus condensation during cirrus cloud
formation.
＜PNAS＞
19. Eocene cooling linked to early flow across the
Tasmanian Gateway
Peter K. Bijl, James A. P.
Bendle, Steven M. Bohaty, Jörg Pross, Stefan Schouten, Lisa
Tauxe, Catherine E. Stickley, Robert M. McKay, Ursula Röhl, Matthew
Olney, Appy Sluijs, Carlota Escutia, Henk
Brinkhuis, and Expedition 318 Scientists
PNAS 2013 110 (24) 9645-9650; published
ahead of print May 29, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1220872110
They present
marine microfossil and organic geochemical records spanning the early-to-middle
Eocene transition from the Wilkes Land Margin, East Antarctica. Dinoflagellate
biogeography and sea surface temperature paleothermometry reveal that the
earliest throughflow of a westbound Antarctic Counter Current began ∼49–50 Ma through a southern opening of the
Tasmanian Gateway.
20. Multidecadal to multicentury scale collapses of
Northern Hemisphere monsoons over the past millennium
Yemane Asmerom, Victor J.
Polyak, Jessica B. T. Rasmussen, Stephen J. Burns, and Matthew
Lachniet
PNAS 2013 110 (24) 9651-9656; published
ahead of print May 28, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1214870110
They show both
short-term and long-term climate variability over the last 1,500 y from annual
band thickness and stable isotope speleothem data.
Their findings
seem to suggest stronger (wetter) Northern Hemisphere monsoons with increased
warming.
21. Asynchronous marine-terrestrial signals of the
last deglacial warming in East Asia associated with low- and high-latitude
climate changes
Deke Xu, Houyuan Lu, Naiqin
Wu, Zhenxia Liu, Tiegang Li, Caiming Shen, and Luo Wang
PNAS 2013 110 (24) 9657-9662; published
ahead of print May 29, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1300025110
They argue that
early warming seawater of the WPWP, driven by low-latitude insolation and trade
winds, moved northward via the Kuroshio Current and triggered marine warming
along the ECS around 20–19 kaBP similar to that in the WPWP.
22. Present and future global distributions of the
marine Cyanobacteria Prochlorococcusand Synechococcus
Pedro Flombaum, José L. Gallegos, Rodolfo
A. Gordillo, José Rincón, Lina L. Zabala, Nianzhi Jiao, David M.
Karl, William K. W. Li, Michael W. Lomas, Daniele Veneziano,
Carolina S. Vera, Jasper A. Vrugt, and Adam C. Martiny
PNAS 2013 110 (24) 9824-9829; published
ahead of print May 23, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1307701110
Their global niche
models suggest that oceanic microbial communities will experience complex
changes as a result of projected future climate conditions.
23. Insights into foraminiferal influences on
microfabrics of microbialites at Highborne Cay, Bahamas
Joan M. Bernhard, Virginia P.
Edgcomb, Pieter T. Visscher, Anna McIntyre-Wressnig, Roger E.
Summons, Mary L. Bouxsein, Leeann Louis, and Marleen
Jeglinski
PNAS 2013 110 (24) 9830-9834; published
ahead of print May 28, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1221721110
The foraminiferal
impacts on modern microbialites, their results indicate that the microbialite
fossil record may reflect the impact of the radiation of these protists.
24. Soil biotic legacy effects of extreme weather
events influence plant invasiveness
Annelein Meisner, Gerlinde B. De
Deyn, Wietse de Boer, and Wim H. van der Putten
PNAS 2013 110 (24) 9835-9838; published
ahead of print May 28, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1300922110
They report that
drought and rainfall effects on soil processes and biota affect the performance
of exotics and natives in plant communities.
25. Regeneration of Little Ice Age bryophytes emerging
from a polar glacier with implications of totipotency in extreme environments
Catherine La Farge, Krista H.
Williams, and John H. England
PNAS 2013 110 (24) 9839-9844; published
ahead of print May 28, 2013,doi:10.1073/pnas.1304199110
Across the
Canadian Arctic Archipelago, widespread ice retreat during the 20th century has
sharply accelerated since 2004. Their results include a unique successful
regeneration of subglacial bryophytes following 400 y of ice entombment.
＜Nature Communications＞
26. Carbon dioxide concentration dictates
alternative methanogenic pathways in oil reservoirs
Daisuke Mayumi, Jan Dolfing, Susumu Sakata,
Haruo Maeda, Yoshihiro Miyagawa, Masayuki Ikarashi, Hideyuki Tamaki, Mio
Takeuchi, Cindy H. Nakatsu, Yoichi Kamagata
Nature Communications 4, Article
number:1998 doi:10.1038/ncomms2998
They construct
microcosms mimicking reservoir conditions (55 °C, 5 MPa)
using high-temperature oil reservoir samples. The results present a
possibility of carbon capture and storage for enhanced microbial energy
production in deep subsurface environments that can mitigate global warming and
energy depletion.
