◉Nature
1.Gas
drilling taints groundwater
Jeff Tollefson
25 June 2013
Shale-gas operations cause groundwater
contamination. Industry officials and environmentalists are disagree strongly over
whether or not shale-gas extraction can contaminate groundwater.
2.Shells
show rise of Homo sapiens
Nature 498, 410 (27 June 2013) doi:10.1038/498410d
The size of ancient limpet (カサガイ) shells suggests that human population
began swelling around 50000 years ago.
3.Aerosols
suppress hurricanes
Nature 498, 411 (27 June 2013) doi:10.1038/498411a
Aerosol particles from human activities
could have lowered the number of tropical storms over the Atlantic Ocean during
the twentieth century.
4.Marine
science: Get ready for ocean acidification
Sam Dupont &
Hans Pörtner
Nature 498, 429 (27 June 2013) doi:10.1038/498429a
5.Stability
of active mantle upwelling revealed by net characteristics of plate tectonics
Clinton P. Conrad,
Bernhard Steinberger & Trond H. Torsvik
Nature 498, 479–482 (27 June 2013)
doi:10.1038/nature12203
◉Science
6.Coral Diseases Cause Reef Decline
Caroline S. Rogers and Jeff Miller
Science 28 June 2013: 1522.
There has been a great deal of discussion
about the role of bleaching in coral reef degradation worldwide, but little
focus on the numerous other coral diseases. Diseases are also causing
substantial declines, so we must conduct further research on the links between
human actions and coral reefcondition in order to prevent diseases as well as
bleaching.
7.Reversing Excess Atmospheric CO2
Greg H. Rau and Klaus S. Lackner
Science 28 June 2013: 1522-1523.
8.Solving the Mascon Mystery
Laurent G. J. Montesi
Science 28 June 2013: 1535-1536. [DOI:10.1126/science.1238099]
9.The Origin of Lunar Mascon BasinsH. J. Melosh, Andrew M. Freed, Brandon C.
Johnson, David M. Blair, Jeffrey C. Andrews-Hanna, Gregory A. Neumann, Roger J.
Phillips, David E. Smith, Sean C. Solomon, Mark A. Wieczorek, and Maria T.
Zuber
Science 28 June 2013: 1552-1555. [DOI:10.1126/science.1235768]
They provide the first self-consistent model
for the origin of mass concentrations (mascons) of the Moon. Mascons can form
as the result of slow mantle flow (isostatic bound) after the impact of
meteorite. They also concluded that a mascon forms when the lunar heat flux is
relatively high.
10.Continuous Permeability Measurements
Record Healing Inside the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Zone
Lian Xue, Hai-Bing Li, Emily E. Brodsky,
Zhi-Qing Xu, Yasuyuki Kano, Huan Wang, James J. Mori, Jia-Liang Si, Jun-Ling
Pei, Wei Zhang, Guang Yang, Zhi-Ming Sun, and Yao Huang
Science 28 June 2013: 1555-1559.
11.Dynamic Topography Change of the Eastern
United States Since 3 Million Years Ago
David B. Rowley, Alessandro M. Forte, Robert
Moucha, Jerry X. Mitrovica, Nathan A. Simmons, and Stephen P. Grand
Science 28 June 2013: 1560-1563.
[DOI:10.1126/science.1229180]
12.Varied Response of Western Pacific
Hydrology to Climate Forcings over the Last Glacial Period
Stacy A. Carolin, Kim M. Cobb, Jess F.
Adkins, Brian Clark, Jessica L. Conroy, Syria Lejau, Jenny Malang, and Andrew
A. Tuen
Science 28 June 2013: 1564-1566.
[DOI:10.1126/science.1233797]
Stalagmite oxygen isotopic records (δ18O) from Borneo, which is located near the center of the
west Pacific warm pool (WPWP), are presented. The records suggest that northern
Borneo’s hydroclimate shifted in phase with precessional forcing but was only
weakly affected by glacial-interglacial changes.
13.Temperature Drives the Continental-Scale
Distribution of Key Microbes in Topsoil Communities
Ferran Garcia-Pichel, Virginia Loza,
Yevgeniy Marusenko, Pilar Mateo, and Ruth M. Potrafka
Science 28 June 2013: 1574-1577.
◉PNAS
14.Out of the tropics, but how? Fossils,
bridge species, and thermal ranges in the dynamics of the marine latitudinal
diversity gradient
David Jablonski, Christina L. Belanger,
Sarah K. Berke, Shan Huang, Andrew Z. Krug, Kaustuv Roy, Adam Tomasovych, and
James W. Valentine
PNAS 2013 110 (26) 10487-10494; published
ahead of print June 12, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1308997110
15.Diet of Australopithecus afarensis
from the Pliocene Hadar Formation, Ethiopia
Jonathan G. Wynn, Matt Sponheimer, William
H. Kimbel, Zeresenay Alemseged, Kaye Reed, Zelalem K. Bedaso, and Jessica N.
Wilson
PNAS 2013 110 (26) 10495-10500; published
ahead of print June 3, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1222559110
16.Stable isotope-based diet reconstructions
of Turkana Basin hominins
Thure E. Cerling, Fredrick Kyalo Manthi,
Emma N. Mbua, Louise N. Leakey, Meave G. Leakey, Richard E. Leakey, Francis H.
Brown, Frederick E. Grine, John A. Hart, Prince Kaleme, Hélène Roche, Kevin T.
Uno, and Bernard A. Wood
PNAS 2013 110 (26) 10501-10506; published
ahead of print June 3, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1222568110
17.Diet of Theropithecus from 4 to 1
Ma in Kenya
Thure E. Cerling, Kendra L. Chritz, Nina G.
Jablonski, Meave G. Leakey, and Fredrick Kyalo Manthi
PNAS 2013 110 (26) 10507-10512; published
ahead of print June 3, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1222571110
18.Isotopic
evidence of early hominin diets
Matt Sponheimer,
Zeresenay Alemseged, Thure E. Cerling, Frederick E. Grine, William H. Kimbel,
Meave G. Leakey, Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Fredrick Kyalo Manthi, Kaye E. Reed,
Bernard A. Wood, and Jonathan G. Wynn
PNAS 2013 110 (26)
10513-10518; published ahead of print June 3, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1222579110
There is a trend
toward greater consumption of 13C-enriched foods in early hominins
over time. Hominin carbon isotope ratios also increase with postcanine tooth (犬歯の奥にある歯) area and mandibular (下顎) cross-sectional area, which could indicate
that these foods played a role in the evolution of australopith masticatory
robusticity.
◉Nature Geoscience
19.Marine
biogeochemistry: The ups and downs of ocean oxygen
-Scott C. Doney
& Deborah K. Steinberg
doi:10.1038/ngeo1872
20.Deep
Earth: Mantle fabric unravelled?
John Hernlund
doi:10.1038/ngeo1868
21.A combination
mode of the annual cycle and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation
Malte F. Stuecker,
Axel Timmermann, Fei-Fei Jin, Shayne McGregor & Hong-Li Ren
doi:10.1038/ngeo1826
From observational
date and climate model experiments, the nonlinear atmospheric response to
combined seasonal and inter-annual sea surface temperature changes gives rise
to a near-annual combination climate mode with periods of 10 and 15 months.
They conclude that combination mode dynamics and related shifts in western
tropical Pacific rainfall patterns occur most prominently during strong El Nino
events.
22.Contribution of
ice sheet and mountain glacier melt to recent sea level rise
J. L. Chen, C. R.
Wilson & B. D. Tapley
doi:10.1038/ngeo1829
23.Barbados-based
estimate of ice volume at Last Glacial Maximum affected by subducted plate
Jacqueline
Austermann, Jerry X. Mitrovica, Konstantin Latychev & Glenn A. Milne
doi:10.1038/ngeo1859
Assessing the
impact of three-dimensional mantle viscoelastic structure on predictions of
post-glacial sea-level change at Barbados, they show that the predictions are
strongly perturbed by the presence of a high-viscosity slab associated with
subduction of the South American Plate beneath the Caribbean Plate.
24.The
acceleration of oceanic denitrification during deglacial warming
Eric D. Galbraith,
Markus Kienast & The NICOPP working group members
doi:10.1038/ngeo1832
◉Geology
25.Profiles of
ocean island coral reefs controlled by sea-level history and carbonate
accumulation rates
Michael Toomey,
Andrew D. Ashton, and J. Taylor Perron
Geology, July
2013, v. 41, p. 731-734, first published on May 9, 2013, doi:10.1130/G34109.1
26.Orbital-scale
climate change and glacioeustasy during the early Late Ordovician
(pre-Hirnantian) determined from δ18O values in marine apatite
M. Elrick, D.
Reardon, W. Labor, J. Martin, A. Desrochers, and M. Pope
Geology, July
2013, v. 41, p. 775-778, first published on May 16, 2013, doi:10.1130/G34363.1
δ18O value was reconstructed from conodont apatite
of 14 Late Ordovician (Katian) cycles. The δ18O values support the hypothesis that
glacioeustasy was the dominant control on water-depth changes. Intracycle δ18O
changes of 0.7‰–2.5‰ were controlled by the effects of changes in ice volume,
subtropical SSTs, and possibly local increases in evaporation. Finally they
conclude that the interpreted large-magnitude, orbital- scale changes in glacioeustasy,
SSTs, and sub- tropical evaporation rates imply a protracted and dynamic Late
Ordovician greenhouse to icehouse transition similar to that of the more recent
Cenozoic climatic transition.
27.The Miocene
elevation of Mount Everest
Aude Gébelin, Andreas Mulch, Christian Teyssier, Micah J. Jessup, Richard
D. Law, and Maurice Brunel
Geology, July
2013, v. 41, p. 799-802, first published on May 24, 2013, doi:10.1130/G34331.1
